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Wages and Worker Quality in Foreign Multinationals and Local Manufacturing Plants in Indonesia and Malaysia
https://agi.repo.nii.ac.jp/records/86
https://agi.repo.nii.ac.jp/records/861b380040-69a9-4aea-bbe7-3b9fe5f74b6b
| 名前 / ファイル | ライセンス | アクション |
|---|---|---|
report2013-03 (500.3 kB)
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| Item type | 調査報告書/Research Reports(1) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 公開日 | 2015-10-01 | |||||
| タイトル | ||||||
| タイトル | Wages and Worker Quality in Foreign Multinationals and Local Manufacturing Plants in Indonesia and Malaysia | |||||
| 言語 | en | |||||
| 言語 | ||||||
| 言語 | eng | |||||
| 資源タイプ | ||||||
| 資源タイプ識別子 | http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_18ws | |||||
| 資源タイプ | research report | |||||
| 研究代表者 |
ラムステッター, エリック D.
× ラムステッター, エリック D. |
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| 抄録 | ||||||
| 内容記述タイプ | Abstract | |||||
| 内容記述 | This report is the first from a multi-year project examining how ultinational enterprises (MNEs) affect wages and human resource development in Asia’s large developing economies. This report focuses on Indonesia and Malaysia because detailed information on the educational background of workers and export propensities (the share of exports in sales) in manufacturing plants allows relatively rigorous comparisons of MNEs and local plants.2 Because data on worker education are available, the most sophisticated, previous studies of wage differentials between MNEs and local plants examined medium-large (20 or more workers) foreign multinational enterprises (MNEs) and local, private plants in Indonesian manufacturing in 1996. Chapter 1 reexamines these results and compares them to analysis of 2006. Mean, unconditional differentials were quite large in the 17 sample industries combined, and declined from 144 to 69 percent for production workers and from 201 to 84 percent for nonproduction workers. Conditional differentials that account for the endency of MNEs to hire relatively educated workers, use relatively large amounts of energy and material inputs per worker, and be relatively large, were still positive and significant, but much smaller, fallingfrom 26 to 3.5 percent for production workers and from 34 to 15 percent for on-production workers. Industry-level, conditional differentials were also often positive in 10-11 industries in 1996, but tended to decline but most become insignificant by 2006. Both aggregate and industry-level results also suggest that differentials were relatively large for non-production workers, but the industry-level results were relatively weak for 2006. Finally, MNE-private differentials did not usually depend significantly on the extent of foreign ownership. Chapter 1 and subsequent chapters emphasize how aggregate analysis of all sample plants combined often paints a very different picture than industry-level analysis. This contrast is starkest for Indonesia in 2006, when the aggregate results suggest that MNE-local differentials were positive and highly significant, but similar results were found for only three of 17 industries for production workers and four industries for non-production workers. Although results differ somewhat from those in the previous literature for technical reasons, these and previous results all 1996 results suggest a strong tendency for MNEs to pay higher wages than local plants, both in large samples and at the industry level. Chapter 2 uses Malaysia industrial census data for 2000, and smaller sets of survey data for 2001-2004, to examine wage differentials between medium-large foreign multinational enterprises (MNEs) and local plants in manufacturing industries. On average, wages in sample MNEs were higher than in local plants by two-fifths or more. Malaysian data are extremely valuable because they contain information on worker occupation, in addition to worker education, allowing for a better measurement of worker quality. As the literature suggests, MNEs hired higher shares of workers in highly paid occupations and with oderate or high education. MNEs were also more capital intensive and larger than local plants. Results from large samples of 17 manufacturing industries combined suggest that statistically significant, conditional MNE-local differentials of 5-9 percent persisted after accounting ordifferences in worker occupation, education, and sex, plant capital intensity and size, as well as the influences of yearly fluctuations, industry affiliation, and plant location on constants. When MNE-local differentials and other slopes are allowed to vary among the 17 industries, positive and significant differentials were observed in all estimates for six industries: food and beverages, chemicals, rubber, general machinery, electrical machinery, and furniture. Positive and significant differentials were also observed in most estimates for another five industries. However, the size and significance of these differentials often varied depending on the industry and sample examined, as well as the timation technique used. As in Indonesia, there are important differences between analyses of large samples of 17 industries combined and separate nalysis of the 17 industries individually, but aggregate and industry-level results are relatively consistent for Malaysia. Chapter 3 extends the analysis in Chapters 1 and 2 by asking whether MNE-local wage differentials depend on whether a plant exports or not. Mean, unconditional, MNE-local wage differentials tended to be somewhat smaller for exporters than for on-exporters in large samples of 11 manufacturing industries of Malaysia in 2000-2004 (31 vs. 44 percent) and Indonesia in 2006 (58 vs. 74 percent), and particularly in 1996 (89 vs. 220 percent). Conditional MNE-local wage differentials that account for the influences of worker education and sex, as well as plant size and capital or energy intensity, on plant-level wages, were smaller but positive and highly significant statistically. Conditional differentials were also smaller for exporters ndonesia in 1996 (24 vs. 32 percent), but larger for exporters in Indonesia in 2006 (12 vs. 5.7 percent) and Malaysia in 2000-2004 (8.8-9.2 vs. 6.2-7.5 percent in pooled OLS estimates and 7.2-7.8 vs. 4.7-6.7 percent in random effects estimates). However, at the industry level, conditional differentials and were often insignificant, especially for Indonesia in 2006, and not clearly related to export status. | |||||
| 言語 | en | |||||
| 著者版フラグ | ||||||
| 出版タイプ | NA | |||||
| 出版タイプResource | http://purl.org/coar/version/c_be7fb7dd8ff6fe43 | |||||
